🧩 Lesson: Fluid Additive Manufacturing (FAM) – Silicone 3D Printing
✅ Summary
Fluid Additive Manufacturing (FAM) is a cutting-edge technique for 3D printing silicone and other viscous fluids. Unlike traditional resin or filament printers, FAM enables the production of life-like, flexible parts with properties similar to injection-molded silicone. In this lesson, you’ll learn how FAM works, explore silicone printing advances, and discover its industrial applications and limitations.
🎯 Learning Objectives
By the end of this lesson, learners will be able to:
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Explain the FAM process and how it differs from FDM or SLA
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Describe how silicone materials are used in FAM
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Identify the main strengths and limitations of silicone 3D printing
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Explore real-world applications of printed silicone parts
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Understand safety and design considerations for silicone prints
📘 Lesson Content
🔬 1. What is Fluid Additive Manufacturing (FAM)?
FAM, pioneered by companies like SanDraw, is a patented 3D printing process designed for Room Temperature Vulcanizing (RTV) and Liquid Silicone Rubber (LSR) kickstarter.com+73printr.com+7sandraw.com+7. It extrudes liquid silicone or other high-viscosity fluids and then cross-links or vulcanizes to form solid parts.
🧰 2. How FAM Works
2.1 Printer & Material Setup
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Silicone (RTV or LSR) is loaded, often through a dual-nozzle system featuring INPA and IMSS mechanisms to prevent dripping and nozzle collisions canion3d.com+1sandraw.com+1.
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Build plate and liquid silicone are prepped. Support material (e.g., water-soluble) may be used for complex structures en.wikipedia.org+83printr.com+8sandraw.com+8.
2.2 Extrusion
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Liquid silicone is extruded via syringe-like nozzle, layer by layer, according to the sliced design.
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No UV is needed—silicone cures through cross-linking at ambient or elevated temperatures.
2.3 Support & Solidification
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Support structures are printed with water-soluble paste; removed post-print.
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Final curing typically occurs in an oven, completing the silicone vulcanization.
🌟 3. Strengths & Limitations
✅ Strengths
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Biocompatibility (ISO 10993-certified materials) for medical use youtube.com+43printr.com+4aceasia.com+4.
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Enables production of elastic, flexible, temperature-resistant parts (-50–250 °C range) en.wikipedia.org+143printr.com+14canion3d.com+14.
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Nozzle features (INPA & IMSS) enhance precision and avoid drips canion3d.com+1sandraw.com+1.
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Water-soluble supports enable complex geometries arxiv.org+33printr.com+3sandraw.com+3.
⚠️ Limitations
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Specialized, often expensive hardware.
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Larger nozzle diameter means lower resolution versus SLA.
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Post-processing and curing are required post-print.
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Slower extrusion rates than filament printers.
🏭 4. Industrial Applications
FAM shines in applications requiring soft, custom, and functional parts:
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Robotics: Flexible grippers and seals for automation tasks aceasia.comelkem.com+3canion3d.com+33dnatives.com+3kickstarter.comone-science.com+63printr.com+63dnatives.com+6.
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Medical: Custom prosthetics, anatomical models, surgical guides, mouthguards .
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Electrical & Automotive: Seals, gaskets, dampers resistant to chemical and temperature extremes sandraw.com+43printr.com+4elkem.com+4.
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Wearables & Consumer: Baby-safe accessories, custom insoles, and pressure devices 3dnatives.com+4canion3d.com+4sandraw.com+4.
⚙️ 5. Silicone Material Properties
SanDraw offers silicone with varying hardness (Shore A 18–70), excellent tensile (~10 MPa), tear (10–40 N/mm), and elongation (200–800 %) properties—all comparable to traditional injection-molded silicone x.com+53printr.com+5elkem.com+5.
🧠 6. Summary
FAM unlocks true silicone 3D printing, enabling flexible, medical-grade, and high-performance parts unattainable by FDM or SLA. While powerful and versatile, it requires specialized equipment, post-processing, and design consideration. It is best used for applications that fully leverage silicone’s mechanical and chemical properties.