🧩 Lesson: Generating and Reading G-code
🧠 Focus: Understanding how slicer software generates G-code and how to read or modify it for better control over your 3D prints.
✅ Lesson Summary
G-code is the language your 3D printer understands. It tells your machine exactly where to move, how fast, at what temperature, and more. This lesson explains how G-code is generated from slicers, what key commands mean, and how to read or troubleshoot simple G-code scripts.
🎯 Learning Objectives
By the end of this lesson, learners will be able to:
- 
Understand what G-code is and why it’s essential to 3D printing
 - 
Identify the steps slicer software takes to generate G-code
 - 
Open and read basic G-code files
 - 
Recognize and explain common G-code commands
 - 
Modify or troubleshoot G-code for specific print outcomes
 
📘 Lesson
🟪 1. What Is G-code?
Definition: G-code is a set of instructions that tells your printer how to build your object—including motion, temperature, fan control, and extrusion.
Each line in a G-code file is a command, often starting with G or M, followed by values for axes (X, Y, Z), feedrate (F), and extrusion (E).
📂 File Extension:
.gcodefor FDM printers,.g,.gx,.gcodefor many others.
🧪 Resin printers (like Chitubox or PreForm) use proprietary sliced formats instead.
🟧 2. How Slicers Generate G-code
When you slice a 3D model, the software:
- 
Converts the STL or 3MF model into layer data
 - 
Applies print settings: speeds, temperatures, retraction, infill, supports
 - 
Converts these into machine instructions (G-code)
 - 
Outputs a
.gcodefile readable by your specific printer firmware (Marlin, Klipper, etc.) 
🟨 3. Common G-code Commands Explained
| Command | Function | Example | 
|---|---|---|
G0/G1 | 
Move to coordinates | G1 X10 Y10 Z0.3 F1500 | 
G28 | 
Auto-home all axes | G28 | 
G92 | 
Set current position | G92 E0 | 
M104 | 
Set hotend temperature | M104 S200 | 
M109 | 
Wait for hotend temp to reach value | M109 S200 | 
M140 | 
Set bed temperature | M140 S60 | 
M190 | 
Wait for bed to reach temp | M190 S60 | 
M106 | 
Turn on part cooling fan | M106 S255 | 
M107 | 
Turn off part cooling fan | M107 | 
G-code Comments | 
Notes, ignored by printer | ; Start of print | 
💡
;is used to insert comments. These are ignored by the printer but helpful for humans.
🟩 4. Reading a Simple G-code File (Example)
🛠️ These commands are usually part of your slicer’s Start G-code script, and can be customized per printer.
🟥 5. Modifying or Customizing G-code
Customizations are often needed for:
- 
Changing nozzle or bed temps
 - 
Inserting filament change (e.g.,
M600) - 
Pausing at a layer (e.g.,
G1 Z10nM0) - 
Retraction tuning or purge lines
 
Use a text editor (like Notepad++, Sublime Text) to edit .gcode files.
⚠️ Always back up the original G-code file before editing manually.
🧠 Summary
G-code is the command language of your 3D printer. While slicers handle most of the heavy lifting, understanding G-code helps you:
- 
Troubleshoot printing issues
 - 
Customize printer behavior
 - 
Add special functionality like color changes or pauses
 - 
Learn how your printer actually interprets models
 
